eratosthenes contribution to oceanography

His mathematical work is known principally from the writings of the Greek geometer Pappus of Alexandria, and his geographical work from the first two books of the Geography of the Greek geographer Strabo. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. He is regarded as the first scientific geographer who measured the length of the equator almost accurately (24860 miles) on sound principles with the help of gnomon. According to Macrobious, Eratosthenes made the diameter of the Sun to be about 27 times that of the Earth. Eratosthenes died in Alexandria, approximately in 194 BC, when he was 82 years old. (Writing before the Greeks adopted the degree, a Babylonian unit of measure, he actually said a fiftieth of a circle.) He correctly assumed the Suns distance to be very great; its rays therefore are practically parallel when they reach Earth. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. What are the most common nonsilicate, Your floor (length x width) can be used to calculate your square footage. [8], The son of Aglaos, Eratosthenes was born in 276 BC in Cyrene. Around 255 BCE, he invented the armillary sphere. Despite the fact that in Greek times young people from wealthy families had more access to education, there were male academies. What makes the scientific discipline of geography different from other science disciplines is its emphasis on space, place, and connection. He reportedly fell into despair, and he is said to have committed suicide by voluntary starvation in 194 as a result. Definition of Oceanography 1. (40,000 miles). Losing the ability to read and to observe nature plagued and depressed him, leading him to voluntarily starve himself to death. He was a renowned mathematician, poet, geographer, astronomer, and music theorist. As a young man, he traveled to Athens to pursue his studies. He developed Read more. Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician, geographer, astronomer & poet. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 FAQS Clear - All Rights Reserved Geography consisted of eight volumes. Eratosthenes is named for the ancient Greek who first estimated the Earth's circumference around 240 BC. He made two important contributions, out of which one was later proved wrong, while the other was right, but it was overlooked for a long time. Eratosthenes went to Alexandria and found out that the light hit the earth at an angle of 7.2 degrees. The inscription that Eratosthenes made in the mesolabe that he gave to Ptolemy III, said: "This you have at hand, friend, if you want to get double a small cube, or that transformation into any other solid figure, and also if you measure in this way an enclosure or a silo or the concave cavity of a well when you take the concurrences means between extreme limits within double rules . He created an algorithm to find prime numbers that is known as the Sieve of Eratosthenes. Eratosthenes contributions to Mathematics are very notable and well known. In the first, Eratosthenes addressed the previous theories and compiled the existing information in the library. Are charitable contributions deductible in 2020? As a young man, Eratosthenes studied in Athens. The Greek astronomer Eratosthenes becomes the first person to determine the circumference of the Earth. It is used in oceanography in calculating the height of tides in oceans. [9], The measurement of Earth's circumference is the most famous among the results obtained by Eratosthenes,[13] who estimated that the meridian has a length of 252,000 stadia (39,060 to 40,320 kilometres (24,270 to 25,050mi)), with an error on the real value between 2.4% and +0.8% (assuming a value for the stadion between 155 and 160 metres (509 and 525ft)). . The son of Aglaos, Eratosthenes was born in 276 BC in Cyrene. Eratosthenes was a famous mathematician who developed latitude and longitude as a way to measure the Earth. Eratosthenes only surviving work is Catasterisms, a book about the constellations, which gives a description and story for each constellation, as well as a count of the number of stars contained in it, but the attribution of this work has been doubted by some scholars. The geometry of the situation is sketched at the right. Eratosthenes (276 BC - 194 BC) was an Ancient Greek scientist and philosopher who did work in astronomy, geometry, geography, mathematics, as well as poetry and history. Eratosthenes made major contributions to geography. Duane W. Roller provides a rich background, including a history of the text and its reception, a biography of Eratosthenes, and a comprehensive account of ancient Greek geographical thought and of Eratosthenes pioneering contribution to it. What did Eratosthenes study? They also were among the first people to use astronomical observations of the stars to help them navigate across the ocean. In the quest to secure his newly regained domain, Ptolemy III saw fit to satisfy the people of Cyrene by offering a position as important as that of chief keeper of the great library of Alexandria to Eratosthenes. Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. "Ptolemy's System of Seven Climata and Eratosthenes' Geography". At the age of about 50 he returned to Alexandria and soon became director of the Library. He became famous for being the first to calculate, with considerable precision, the circumference of the earth. Eratosthenes of Cyrene (/ r t s n i z /; Greek: [eratostns]; c. 276 BC - c. 195/194 BC) was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist.He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria.His work is comparable to what is now known as the study of geography, and he . [20] He placed grids of overlapping lines over the surface of the Earth. Eratosthenes hired a man to pace the distance between the two cities and learned they were 5,000 stadia apart, which is about 800 kilometers. What Is Fast Acquisition Corp. . Who is father of geography in India? He is also recognized for his mathematical innovation, the Sieve of Eratosthenes, which identified prime numbers, and his position as head of the . Each fragment is accompanied by an English translation, a summary, and commentary. Greek Scholar's Work Shows Usefulness of Measurement. He studied astronomy, geography, and math. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. He compiled a star catalog and the earliest surviving table of a trigonometric function and established mathematically that an object and its mirror image must make equal angles to a mirror. What was Eratosthenes greatest achievement? The first known table of chords was produced by the Greek mathematician Hipparchus in about 140 BC. He developed systems of latitudes and longitudes and ascertained accurate length of equator using Gnomon. Given an estimate of the distance between the two cities, he was able to calculate the circumference of Earth, obtaining 250,000 stadia. Eratosthenes (D.W.) Roller (ed., Trans.) The correct answer is to determine the Earths circumference. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The technology geographers and other scientists use to study the physical and cultural environments spatially and over time is with geospatial technology. He accepted the three continents (Europe, Asia, and Libya) and five climatic zones (one torrid zone, two temperate zones, and two frigid zones), [2] The term geography was first coined by Eratosthenese. About 150 years later, Eratosthenes (264-194 B.C.) Eratosthenes was one of the most pre-eminent scholarly figures of his time, and produced works covering a vast area of knowledge before and during his time at the Library. They had a keen sense of ocean currents and variations in bird and sea life in different places in the Pacific. Was In God We Trust Always In The Constitution? He acquired works such as the great dramas of Aeschylus and Euripides. Scientific Oceanography James Cook - 1768- HMS Endeavor very talented navigator, cartographer, writer, artist diplomat, sailor, scientist, dietition Scientific Contributions: 1. Eratosthenes, in full Eratosthenes of Cyrene, (born c. 276 bce, Cyrene, Libyadied c. 194 bce, Alexandria, Egypt), Greek scientific writer, astronomer, and poet, who made the first measurement of the size of Earth for which any details are known. Earth was considered as the centre of the universe, around which revolved the seven planets. He also calculated the tilt axis of the Earth. His prime number sieve provided a simple way for Greek mathematicians (and frustrated modern students!) Etching of an ancient seal identified as Eratosthenes. [6] He wrote Chronographies, a text that scientifically depicted dates of importance, beginning with the Trojan War. The nematode They are a group of animal that are characterized by having a cylindrical body, without egmentation. He is best known for being the first person known to calculate the circumference of the Earth, which he did by using the extensive survey results he could access in his role at the Library; his calculation was remarkably accurate. He worked in geography to try to figure out why the Nile river had such a regular flood pattern, and hypothesized that it was because of heavy rain upstream. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how telepresence technology was used by oceanographers in the field to assess and analyze three shipwrecks and numerous artifacts discovered during exploratory expeditions of the submerged plateau known as Eratosthenes Seamount (Fig. Morris, Terry R. "Eratosthenes of Cyrene." Alfred Hettner, who inherited the concept of chorology, further developed it. He studied at Plato's school in Athens. Definition. This method consisted of creating a table with natural numbers between 2 and the desired quantity. Learn everything about the Oceanography from scratch and become a master of this topic with quiz based flashcards. He also realized that streams eroded continents and deposited sediments into the ocean. Eratosthenes's main interest in youth was philosophy and that vocation led him to Athens at the age of 15. [25], This article is about the Greek scholar of the third century BC. Review of (D.W.) Roller 'Eratosthenes' Geography. b. Eratosthenes He was a Greek mathematician who had a profound interest in geography. Transit of Venus across the sum verified orbits 2. Humboldt and Kant. It is thought that Eratosthenes may also have been a pupil of Callimachus. Later, the Greeks speculated on the idea that the earth was round. % complete . in, Last edited on 26 February 2023, at 18:23, Eratosthenes' map of the (for the Greeks) known world, "Aratus's "Phenomena," Cleomedes's "On the Circular Motions of the Celestial Bodies," and Nichomachus's "Introduction to Arithmetic" Viewer World Digital Library", "Eratosthenes on the "measurement" of the Earth", "The origin and value of the stadion unit used by Eratosthenes in the third century B.C", "Eratosthenes's large Earth and tiny universe", "Eratosthenes' Parallel of Rhodes and the History of the System of Climata", English translation of the primary source for Eratosthenes and the size of the Earth, About Eratosthenes' methods, including a Java applet, How the Greeks estimated the distances to the Moon and Sun, Measuring the Earth with Eratosthenes' method, List of ancient Greek mathematicians and contemporaries of Eratosthenes, New Advent Encyclopedia article on the Library of Alexandria, Eratosthenes' sieve in classic BASIC all-web based interactive programming environment, Open source Physics Computer Model about Eratosthenes estimation of radius and circumference of Earth, Eratosthenes, Katasterismoi (or Astrothesiae), original text, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eratosthenes&oldid=1141770053, The first book was something of an introduction and gave a review of his predecessors, recognizing their contributions that he compiled in the library.

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