naive scientist vs cognitive miser
naive scientist vs cognitive miser
naive scientist vs cognitive miser
What is the difference between them? [25][26] However, the relationship between information and attitudes towards scientific issues are not empirically supported. Distinguish between a durable consumer good and a nondurable consumer good. /GS8 28 0 R Wim . Voting behavior in democracies are an arena in which the cognitive miser is at work. When does it occur? /Chart /Sect Further, people spend less cognitive effort in buying toothpaste than they do when picking a new car, and that difference in information-seeking is largely a function of the costs.[30]. -When alone, when a situation is physically dangerous for the victim. /Type /ExtGState [21] Unless the cognitive environment meets certain requirements, we will try to avoid thinking as much as possible. Since cooperators offer to play more often, and fellow cooperators will also more often accept their offer, the researchers arrived at the consensus that cooperators would have a higher expected payoff compared with defectors when certain boundary conditions are met. [21] Unless the cognitive environment meets certain requirements, we will try to avoid thinking as much as possible. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] PSYC 137 Chapter 1-6 - Summary Social Cognition: From Brains to Culture - PSYC 137 Chapter 1: Point: - StuDocu Chapters 1-6 psyc 137 chapter notes chapter introduction main point: nave psychology and cognitive psychology are themes in social cognition research. Hence, influence from external factors are unneglectable in shaping peoples stereotypes. << -They would overbook places, give one group food that was better, etc. >> Some pieces of information have a disproportionately largeinfluence on the shaping of the whole, Central traits: traits that have a disproportionate impact on overall impressions, Peripheral traits: traits that have little impact on overall impressions. One of the more naive efforts at such reconciliation . What is the motivation of the flawed scientist? [10] Thus, attribution theory emerged from the study of the ways in which individuals assess causal relationships and mechanisms. /S /Transparency /StructParents 9 endobj %PDF-1.5 /Tabs /S The basic principle is to save mental energy as much as possible, even when it is required to "use your head". /Contents [29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R] This kind of categorical thinking give meaning to social stimuli under adverse or difficult processing conditions.[40]. 0 333 0 500 0 444 500 444 500 444 What is the probability that he will be a good president?" 7,000 & 6,000 \\ -Asch did the test with the lines of different sizes, used confederates which stated the wrong answer, this made the real subject more likely to say the wrong answer even when they had written down the right one [39][originalresearch? /Subtype /Type0 a. endobj Who is Kurt Lewin & what is "Action Research? Schemas can be useful because they allow us to take shortcuts when interpret Schemas are mental structures people use to organize knowledge about the social world around themes or subjects. -Participants were with a confederate where the participant took on the role of a teacher and the confederate a student, they had to administer increasingly painful shocks in response to wrong answers, if they hesitated the experimenter encouraged them to continue /S /Transparency Known as the knowledge deficit model, this point of view is based on idealistic assumptions that education for science literacy could increase public support of science, and the focus of science communication should be increasing scientific understanding among lay public. What is deindividuation? [4] Usually people do not think rationally or cautiously, but use cognitive shortcuts to make inferences and form judgments. /Type /Group endobj Rectilinear motion The height above ground (in feet) of a ball thrown vertically into the air is given by. What is the difference between situational factors and dispositional factors? 272 0 R 273 0 R 274 0 R 275 0 R 276 0 R 277 0 R 278 0 R 279 0 R 280 0 R 281 0 R /Group << economic zones to fisheries. 1 [73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 343 0 R 344 0 R 345 0 R 346 0 R 347 0 R 348 0 R 349 0 R 350 0 R 351 0 R 352 0 R] 5 0 obj /Type /Group [31] Audiences' attitude change is closely connected with relabeling or re-framing the certain issue. Which is viewed as more heterogeneous? endobj 15 0 obj Please upgrade to Cram Premium to create hundreds of folders! > unusual & distinctive attracts our attention> signifies potential danger detection has survival value. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R] >> According to WalterLippmann's arguments in his classic book PublicOpinion,[13] people are not equipped to deal with complexity. When processing with System 2, people allocate attention to effortful mental activities required, and can construct thoughts in an orderly series of steps. << >> /LastChar 32 -Ex Chinese immigrants for making the railroads. /Contents 39 0 R z^DIur0rPZaH4mtBg\J7.Wz6lVhm
YPvkQ~r`(a`qZb5T&i@yWm0p7&qVC&lRi@Fj\35N#i#`F /1b|U Define 'groupthink' and describe its symptoms and impact on decision making. It is an important concept in social cognition theory and . /BaseFont /Times#20New#20Roman#2CItalic applied to all aspects of our lives, it saves us time and cognitive processing, /Group << /CS /DeviceRGB [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. In 1987, a researcher named Oliver Sacks stu (Aronson, Wilson, and Akert, 2010) A schema is a category that is created about as our minds way of storing information. Rationality and the reflective mind . >> /Type /Page -People get aroused in crowds and self-awareness dissipates. /BaseFont /Times-Roman naive scientist cognitive miser motivated tactician Consistency seeker we want consistency between prior beliefs about the world and our interpretations of new situations Naive scientist individuals gather relevant information un-selectively and construct social reality in an unbiased way Cognitive miser /ca 1 4 0 obj The nave scientist and attribution theory; Heuristics; The cognitive miser theory; Implications; Updates and later research; References; The term traits associated with the stereotype. According to this theory, people employ either shortcuts or thoughtful analysis based upon the context and salience of a particular issue. affects which beliefs and rules we test -Group tasks should be difficult because members will be more relaxed. /StructParents 12 /Type /Page /Parent 2 0 R (a) 2xdxx21\int \frac{2 x d x}{x^2\ -\ 1}x212xdx \qquad(b) 2xdx(x21)2\int \frac{2 x d x}{\left(x^2\ -\ 1\right)^2}(x21)22xdx, ( c ) 3xdxx21\int \frac{3 x d x}{\sqrt{x^2\ -\ 1}}x213xdx \qquad (d) 3xdxx21\int \frac{3 x d x}{x^2\ -\ 1}x213xdx. The cognitive miser theory is an . In this chapter, we present the multiple knowing processes evolved to enable the tactical flexibility to pursue diverse goals.. 21 0 obj /CS /DeviceRGB -Dissonance: being aware of bad behaviors, conflicting behaviors or beliefs. Here is an example of how people's belief are formed under the dual process model in several steps: The reasoning process can be activated to help with the intuition when: Conflicts also exists in this dual-process. /Annots [34 0 R] What is the best treatment for groupthink? The brain in your pocket: evidence that smartphones are used to supplant thinking . Instead, Fiske, Taylor, and ArieW.Kruglanski and other social psychologists offer an alternative explanation of social cognition: the motivatedtactician. What are some real world consequences of attributions? /GS7 27 0 R 2 . [9][pageneeded] Some of these heuristics include: The frequency with which Kahneman and Tversky and other attribution researchers found the individuals employed mental shortcuts to make decisions and assessments laid important groundwork for the overarching idea that individuals and their minds act efficiently instead of analytically. come up with 6 examples - YES come up with 12 examples- NO, try to adjust for anchor but never adjust enough, testing hypothesis by seeking out the cases that match the hypothesis. /Parent 2 0 R /Resources << /Font << /Footnote /Note providing prescriptive norms for understanding ourselves in relations to >> >> Psychology concepts and studies for a level work, contains everything you will need to know for the exam or if you are doing a btech course pick up the key points and add your own examples, feel free to use this on whatever you need, best used for revision and advanced psychology work at university level, The availability heuristic is responsible for a bias known -"I told the other participant I liked the task and I got pad only one dollar to do so, so I must've actually liked it". 333 0 R 334 0 R 335 0 R 336 0 R 337 0 R 338 0 R 339 0 R 340 0 R 341 0 R 342 0 R Suppose that the marginal cost of mining diamonds is constant at $1,000 per diamond, and the demand for diamonds is described by the following schedule: PriceQuantity$8,0005,000diamonds7,0006,0006,0007,0005,0008,0004,0009,0003,00010,0002,00011,0001,00012,000\begin{array}{rl} /StructParents 4 Applying this framework to human thought processes, nave scientists seek the consistency and stability that comes from a coherent view of the world and need for environmental control. 250 0 R 251 0 R 252 0 R 253 0 R 254 0 R 255 0 R 256 0 R 257 0 R 258 0 R 259 0 R /Kids [5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R Explain the significance of >> -Holistic thinking: focuses on the surroundings, central figure and foreground In addition to streamlining cognition in complicated, analytical tasks, the cognitive miser approach is also used when dealing with unfamiliar issues and issues of great importance. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] Exemplar view: representation is set of examples of members. by Emma2201, Versailles Co., a womens clothing store, purchased $18,000\$18,000$18,000 of merchandise from a supplier on account, terms FOB destination, 2/102/102/10, n/30\text{n}/30n/30. Our pages contain various quotes with which our editorial team does not always agree. It is, in many ways, a unifying theory which suggests that humans engage in economically prudent thought processes, instead of acting like scientists who rationally weigh costs and benefits, test hypothesis, and update expectations based upon the results of the experiments that are our everyday actions. Add to folder /FirstChar 32 /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] [2] According to this theory, people employ either shortcuts or thoughtful analysis based upon the context and salience of a particular issue. /GS8 28 0 R An event is detected to violate the model of world that System 1 maintains. >> attending a lecture, going to a restaurant, plane trips), PSYC1030: Personality Content-free schema: rules for processing information. System 1 always operates automatically, with our easiest shortcut but often with error. /Workbook /Document 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 0 500 0 >> -Western: independent self, self-contained and autonomous 14 0 obj 667 556 611 722 722 944 0 0 0 333 What is social facilitation? It is, in many ways, a unifying theory which suggests that humans engage in economically prudent thought processes, instead of acting like scientists who rationally weigh costs and benefits, test hypothesis, and update expectations based upon the results of the experiments that are our everyday actions. 17 0 obj >> /Parent 2 0 R /Group << >> [37] These two cognitive processing systems are not separate and can have interactions with each other. What is obedience? Houd . That is to say, people live in a second-handed world with mediated reality, where the simplified model for thinking (i.e., stereotypes) could be created and maintained by external forces. Passions, on the other hand, connote impulse and emotion, femininity and heat. >> -Simple tasks: surrounded by people during a simple task makes us perform better 25 0 obj The Christian Clerical Culture of Western Science (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 286. "Errors and biases in our impressions of others are caused by motivations." This is true in what view of the social thinker? Essentially, they ask themselves this: "Based on what I know about the candidate personally, what is the probability that this presidential candidate was a good governor? /F1 21 0 R 7 [218 0 R 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R 222 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R 6 [194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R 203 0 R Motivation does affect the activation and use of stereotypes and prejudices. /StructParents 0 Introduce and define the consistency seeker, nave scientist, and the cognitive miser philosophical anthropologies. /Resources << /LastChar 116 ", -Kurt Lewin: influences - fascism / final solution and gestalt principle (things are assigned by humans). 2 [91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R << -Conformity: submission to a social influence, alter behavior from group pressures. /Resources << CallUrl('www>macmillanihe>com
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